HINDUSTAN BIBLE INSTITUTE & COLLEGE

Language and Culture Acquisition (TUL 505)

MATUL 1st Year Syllabus

Course Description:

This course aims to prepare people to become effective communicators in a second language and culture. We do not teach any specific language, but rather give people tools to learn any language and culture by using LAMP. The course is as much about learning to learn experientially and to interact with other people as it is about learning specific facts. The aim is that people leave this course confident that if they have access to a community of speakers of another language, they can learn it, whether or not there is a formal language school. To this end we aim to teach people how to organize and manage their own learning and to learn from experience.

Many non-nationals and English proficient learning another language are daunted by the new sounds they encounter. The intensive phonetics training offered in this course is intended to give course participants confidence that they will be able to recognize, pronounce and transcribe the new sounds they will hear in learning another language.

Course Objectives:

By the end of the course, the participant has:

Planned and carried out a successful programme of self-directed language learning

Interacted well with people of other cultures, based on the knowledge and acceptance of different underlying values

Worked with confidence with a language resource person

Used a variety of techniques for language learning

Recognised, produced and written phonetically all the major sounds of the world’s languages

Chosen language and culture learning techniques that fit their own learning style

Researched and located language learning materials that are already available for learning a given language

Monitored their progress in language learning and do self assessments

Known what motivates them in language learning, and taken a pro-active approach to maintaining high motivation

Espoused the attitude of "life-long" language learning

 

Class Participation:

Class time will include a variety of activities: Lectures, demonstrations, discussion of reading, presentations and applications of concepts from them. Some background in language teaching, linguistics and cognitive psychology also will be discussed. Apart from this, a wide variety of approaches to instruction will be used, including,

Working together in small groups to learn Hindi or Tamil languages from the speakers of that language (You can learn Tamil if you are reaching the urban poor in Tamilnadu or you can learn Hindi if you are reaching the urban poor in North India)

Working in small groups to learn phonetics

Working in small groups to learn innovative skills and techniques of learning the new language

Class Procedure:

The course is divided into the following major sections:

1. Language and Culture Acquisition Theory

2. Phonetics

3. Language and Culture Practicum

Each day there are two (or sometimes three) phonetics sessions, two Language and Culture Acquisition Theory sessions and one Language Practicum session with a speaker of another language.

Text Books:

(Note: The course will rely on portions of several books found in the text books.

All the text books are available in the HBI Library)

E. Thomas Brewster and Elizabeth S. Brewster, Language Acquisition Made Practical: A Comprehensive "How-To" Book for Learning Any Language. Pasadena: Summer Institute of Linguistics, 1976.

Donald N. Larson, Guideline for Barefoot Language Learning – An Approach Through Involvement and Independence. Fresno, CA: Link Care Publications, 1984.

Peter Cotterell, Language and the Christian – A Guide to Communication and Understanding. London: Samuel Bagster & Sons Ltd, 1978.

Soundararajan G. Immanuel, Indian Culture and Christianity. Secunderabad: OM Books, 2000.

Eugene A. Nida, Customs and Culture – Anthropology for Christian Missions. Pasadena: William Carey Library, 1976.

Louis J. Luzbetak, The Church and Cultures – An Applied Anthropology for the Religious Workers. Illinois: Divine Word Publications Techny,

Myron Loss, Culture Shock – Dealing with Stress in Cross-Cultural Living. Indiana: Light and Life Press, 1983.

Apart from that you will also receive handouts in class, which comprise part of your reading requirements. You are expected to do additional research (community, library and internet) in connection with your assignments for the course.

Course Procedures:

Exam questions will come from each of the READING ASSIGNMENT and other class materials.

Assignments should be done on time and legibly.

Late assignments receive a 10 mark deduction per day.

Assignments will be three types, Reading, Practical and Demonstration. It will be expected that you will attempt to do ALL of the assigned work In order to get maximum benefit from the subject.

Class time will include class lecture, discussion and non-formal learning activities.

Assignments:

(These may be changed and others added to enhance learning)

1. Reading Assignment in Language

There will be reading assignments each week in Phonetics, Language Acquisition and Culture Acquisition topics. Most of the readings are in your course books. Some copies will possibly be available on reserve or given as handouts. If you need any assistant, please meet Mr. Bibu John, the faculty advisor for the library.

2. Reading Assignment in Culture

Read and be familiar with the following books. Students should buy these book as soon as possible. Reading pledge due.

3. Language Demonstration

Course participants will have the opportunity to demonstrate the techniques and strategies they have learned in the language practicum in a group presentation at the end of the week.

4. Course Project

Those who know where they will be serving inland or overseas and/or what language(s) they will be learning in the future will do a final written project in which they propose a plan for their language learning over the next two years. Others may choose a subject of interest to read about and make a brief oral report to the whole group or do a final Personal Profile assignment.

5. Field Observation Exercise 1:

Go out into a nearby Chennai slum that is culturally different for you.

Spend at least one hour making observations of what you would need to know, understand and do ministry among these people.

Observe in what language they are communicating with one another. Find out whether they are using colloquial (Slang) Language or Grammatical Language?

Write this up in a 5 page report without consulting with any others in the class.

As preparation for the assignment read the following books which are available in the HBI library: Robb, Focus the Power People Group Thinking, pp 61-91 and Ponraj, Missionary Anthropology, pp. 159-172, The Mark of a Missionary- Essential Qualification for a Missionary, Paul Heibert, Anthropological Insights for Missionaries and Anthropological Tools for Missionaries. Edward Dayton and David Fraser, Planning Strategies for World Evangelization. The following books are available with Dr. P.N. Samuel Saravanan: John Desrochers (ed), India’s Grwoing Slums, Gabriele Dietrich, Culture, Religion and Development, John Desrochers, Methods of Societal Analysis, George Jospeh, Social Action Groups and Their activities.

6. Field Observation Exercise 2:

Interview a cross-cultural national missionary who is working in Chennai Slum by asking and recording their view points on issues such as: Living in a different culture, most difficult ministry aspect, importance of language learning, missionary training suggestions, etc. Write up your interview in 5 pages. You can do this during the HBI mission’s conference on September 2007. As preparation for the assignment read the following books which are available in the HBI library: Myron Loss, Culture Shock –Dealing with Stress in Cross-Cultural Living, P. Paul Ebebezer, A Study of the Slums with Special Reference to the Effective Communication of the Gospel and Church Planting among the Chennai Slum Dwellers (Thesis), Marvin K. Mayers, Christianity Confronts Culture: A Strategy for Cross-Cultural Evangelism. Eugene A. Nida, Customs and Culture, Louis J. Luzbetak, The Church and Cultures, Ram Ahuja, Society in India, Soundararajan G. Immanuel, Indian Culture and Christianity. Somen Das, Christian Faith and Multi-form Culture.

Grading: There are no exams: Your final grade will be determined as follows:

Reading Assignment in Language - 10

Reading Assignment in Culture - 10

Tutoring Reports and Demonstration - 40

Course Project - 10

Field Exercise Observation 1 - 15

Field Exercise Observation 2 - 15

_____

100

Course Outline:

Part One

Introduction to language and culture. What is language? Some myths about language, linguistics, and human communication. What is culture: Culture: a design for living, culture and the individual, culture and society

A broad perspective on human and animal communicative behavior. Body language (proxemics and kinesics). Objective: Examine linguacentrism.

Learning Language
Language acquisition: Biological basis. Language in relation to maturation and cognitive development. Objective: Understand 4 main theory of the process of adult language acquisition. Prepare, Practice, Communicate and Evaluate

Things to Talks about in Texts: Topics for the beginning learner, topics for further exploration in the language, topics for exploring cultural themes and topics for drawing on the local knowledge bank

Things to do in comprehensive drills

How to master the sound of the language: Syllables, consonants, vowels, tone, applications

How to master the structures of the language: How to practice, what to practice, how to analyze further and questions.

Part two

What is communication? What is cross-cultural communication? Principles of communication, different models of communication etc

Understanding the ambiguity of cultural factors in development: Language, caste, family, society and religion

Communicating Christ cross-culturally by using the local language

Bibliography

The following books are available in the HBI Library:

Required Texts:

Ahuja, Ram. Society in India - Concepts, Theories and Recent Trends. New Delhi: Rawat Publications, 2002.

Brewster, Thomas E. and Elizabeth S. Brewster. Language Acquisition Made Practical: A Comprehensive "How-To" Book for Learning Any Language. Pasadena: Summer Institute of Linguistics, 1976.

Cotterell, Peter. Language and the Christian – A Guide to Communication and Understanding. London: Samuel Bagster & Sons Ltd, 1978.

Das, Somen (ed). Christian Faith and Multiform Culture in India. Bangalore: UTC, 1987.

Dietrich, Gabriele. Culture, Religion and Development. Bangalore: Centre for Social Action, 1992.

Desrochers, John (ed). India’s Growing Slums. Bangalore: Centre for Social Action, 2000.

Desrochers, John. Methods of Societal Analysis. Bangalore: Centre for Social Action, 2000.

Hedlund, Roger E. and Beulah Herbert eds. Culture and Evangelization: A Collection of Indian Anthropological Readings. Madras: Church Growth Research Centre, 1989.

Hesselgrave, David J. Communicating Christ Cross-culturally. Allahabad: St. Paul’s Publications, 1987.

Heibert, Paul G. Anthropological Insights for Missionaries. Michigan: Baker Book House, 1987.

Joseph, George. Social Action Groups and Their Activities. Bangalore: Centre for Social Action, 1998.

Loss, Myron. Culture Shock – Dealing with Stress in Cross-Cultural Living. Indiana: Light and Life Press, 1983.

Larson, Donald N. Guideline for Barefoot Language Learning – An Approach Through Involvement and Independence. Fresno, CA: Link Care Publications, 1984.

Luzbetak, Louis J. The Church and Cultures – An Applied Anthropology for the Religious Workers. Illinois: Divine Word Publications Techny, 1970.

Immanuel, Soundararajan G. Indian Culture and Christianity. Secunderabad: OM Books, 2000.

Mayers, Marvin K. Christianity Confronts Culture: A Strategy for Cross-cultural Evangelism. Michigan: Academic Book Zondervan Corporation, 1974.

Nida, Eugene A. Customs and Culture – Anthropology for Christian Missions. Pasadena: William Carey Library, 1976.

Nicholls, Bruce J. Contextualization: A Theology of Gospel and Culture. Exeter, England: The Paternoster Press, 1979.

Niebuhr H. Richard. Christ and Culture. New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1956.

Ponraj, Devasagayam S. Man of the Mission Field. Madhupur: Indian Institute of multi-Cultural Studies, 1991.

Ponraj, Devasagayam S. An Introduction to Missionary Anthropology. Chennai: Mission Educational Books, 1994.

Ponraj, Devasagayam S. Pioneers of the Gospel. Madhupur: Indian Institute of Multi- Cultural Studies, 1996.

Winter, Ralph and S. Hawthrone, eds. Perspectives on the World Christian Movement. Pasadena: William Carey Library, 1983

The following books are not available in the HBI Library but highly recommended for reading on ‘Language and Culture learning’.

Recommended Texts:

Allen, L.Q. (2000). Culture and the ethnographic interview in foreign language teacher development. Foreign Language Annals, 33 (1), 51-57.

Allen, W.W. Toward a multidimensional foreign language curriculum. In A. C. Omaggio (Ed.). Proficiency, curriculum, articulation: The ties that bind (pp. 137-166). Middlebury, VT: Northeast Conference.

Breen, M.P. (1985). The social context for language learning: A neglected situation? Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 7, 135-158.

Brooks, N. (1964).
Teaching culture in the foreign language classroom. Foreign Language Annals, 1, 204-217.

Brown, H.D. (2002). Strategies for success. White Plains, NY: Longman/Pearson Education.

Brown, H.D. (2000). Principles of language learning and teaching. 4th ed. White Plains, NY: Addison Wessley Longman.

Brown, H. (1991). Breaking the language barrier. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.

Buttjes, D., & Byram, M. (Eds.). (1991). Mediating languages and cultures: Towards an intercultural theory of foreign language education. Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters.

Byram, M. (1988). Foreign language education and cultural studies. Language, Culture, and Curriculum, 1(1), 15-31.

Byram, M. (1989). A school visit to France: Ethnographic explorations. British Journal of Language Teaching, 27(2), 99-103.

Byram, M. (1989). Cultural studies in foreign language education. Philadelphia: Multilingual Matters.

Byram, M.. (1997). Teaching And Assessing Intercultural Communicative Competence. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.

Byram, M., & Esarte-Sarries, V. (1991). Cultural studies in foreign language teaching. Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters.

Byram, M., & Morgan, C. (1994). Teaching-and-learning language-and-culture. Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters.

Byram, M., Nichols, A. & Stevens, D. (Eds.) (2001), Developing intercultural competence in practice. Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.

Byrnes, H. (1982). Contemporary perceptions of language: Interdiciplinary dimensions. Georgetown University Roundtable on Languages and Linguistics. Washington, DC.: Georgetown University Press.

Cargill, C. (Ed.). (1987). A TESOL professional anthology: Culture. Lincolnwood, IL: National Textbook Co.

Chamot, A.U., Barnhardt, S., El-Dinary, P.B., & Robbins, J. (1999). The learning strategies handbook. White Plains, NY: Addison-Wesley Longman.

Cohen, A.D. (1998). Strategies in learning and using a second language. Harlow, Essex: Longman.

Crawford-Lange., & Lange, D.L. (1984). Doing the unthinkable in the second language classroom: A process for the integration of language and culture. In T.V. Higgs (Ed.), Teaching for proficiency, the organizing principle (pp. 139-177). ACTFL Foreign Language Education Series: Lincolnwood, IL: National Textbook Company.

Damen, L. (1987). Culture learning: The fifth dimension in the language classroom. Reading, MA: Addision-Wesley.

de Bot, K., Ginsberg, R.B., & Kramsch, C. (Eds.). (1991). Foreign language research in cross-cultural perspective. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

DeKeyser, R.M. (1991). Foreign language development during a semester abroad. In B.F. Freed (Ed.), Foreign language acquisition research and the classroom (pp. 104-119). Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company.

Dörnyei, Z. (2001). Motivational strategies in the language classroom. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

Ellis, R. (Ed.). (1987). Second language acquisition in context. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice- Hall International.

Ellis, R. (1992). The classroom context: An acquisition-rich or an acquisition-poor environment? In C. Kramsch & S. McConnell-Ginet (Eds.), Text and context (pp. 171- 186). Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company.

Ehrman, M.E. (2001a). Bringing learning strategies to the learner: The FSI language learning consultation service. In J.E. Alatis & A. Tan (Eds.), Language in our time: Bilingual education and official English, Ebonics and standard English, immigration and the Unz Initiative (pp. 41-58). Washington, DC: Georgetown University.

Ehrman, M.E. (2001b). Learners and teachers: The application of psychology to second language acquisition. White paper. Washington, DC: American Councils for International Education.
(http://www.russnet.org/fipse/EhrmanWhitePaper.html)

Ehrman, M.E. (1996). Understanding second language learning difficulties. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

Fantini, A.E. (1995). Special issue: Language, culture, and world view. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, 19(2).

Fantini, B. C., & Fantini, A. E. (1997). New ways in teaching culture. Arlington, VA:TESOL.

Fantini, A.E. (1999). Comparisons: Towards the development of intercultural competence. In J.K. Phillips (Ed.), Foreign language standards: Linking research, theories, and practices, 165-218. Lincolnwood, IL: National Textbook Company.

Fischer, G. (1996). Tourist or explorer? Reflection in the foreign language classroom. Foreign Language Annals, 29, 73-81.

Freed, B.F. (Ed.). (1995). Second language acquisition in a study abroad context. Philadelphia, PA: John Benjamins.

Freed, B.F. (Ed.). (1991). Foreign language acquisition research and the classroom. Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company.

Halliday, M.A.K. (1989). Context of situation. In M.A.K. Halliday & R. Hasan (Eds.), Language, context, and text. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Harrison, B. (Ed.). (1990). Culture in the language classroom. ELT Documents 132.

Heath, S.B. (1986). Beyond language: Social and cultural factors in schooling language minority students. CA: California State Department of Education.

Hess, D. (1997). Studying abroad/learning abroad: An abridged edition of the whole world guide to culture learning. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.

Heusinkveld, P. R. (Ed). (1997). Pathways to culture: Readings on teaching culture in the foreign language class. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.

Hughes, G.H. (1986). An argument for culture analysis in the second language classroom. In J.M. Valdes (Ed.). Culture bound: bridging the cultural gap in language teaching (pp. 162- 169) NY: Cambridge University Press.

Hymes, D. (Ed.). (1969). Language in culture and society. New York, NY: Harper & Row.

Jorstad, H.L. (1980). Inservice teacher education: Content and process. In D. Lange & C. Linder (Eds.), Proceedings of the National Conference on Professional Priorities (pp. 81-86). NY: ACTFL Materials Center.

Jourdain, S. (1998). Building connections to culture: A student centered approach. Foreign Language Annals, 31(3), 439-450.

Kohls, R. L. (1996). Survival kit for overseas living. (3rd ed.). Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.

Kramsch, C. (1983). Culture and constructs: Communicating attitudes and values in the foreign language classroom. Foreign Language Annals, 16(6).

Kramsch, C.J. (1987). Foreign language textbooks' construction of foreign reality. The Canadian Modern Language Review, 44(1), 95-119.

Kramsch, C. (1993). Context and culture in language teaching. New York: Oxford University Press.

Kramsch, C. (1995). The cultural component of language teaching. Language, Culture, and Curriculum, 8, 83-93.

Kramsch, C. & McConnell-Ginet, S. (Eds.). (1992). Text and context. Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company.

Kramsch, C., & Murphy-Lejeune, E. (1996). Why should language teachers teach culture? Language, Culture, and Curriculum, 9, 99-107.

Krashen, S. (1982). Principles and practice in second language acquisition. Oxford: Pergamon Press.

Krashen, S. (1988). Second language acquisition and second language learning. New York: Prentice Hall International.

Lambert, W. (1972). Language, psychology, and culture. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

Lafayette, R. (Ed.). (1975). The cultural revolution in foreign language teaching. Skokie, IL: National Textbook Company.

Lafayette, R. (1988). Integrating the teaching of culture into the foreign language classroom. In Allan J. Singerman (Ed.)., Towards a new integration of language and culture. Reports of the Northeast Conference on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. Middlebury, VT: The Northeast Conference.

Larsen-Freeman, D., & Long, M.H. (1991). An introduction to second language acquisition research. New York: Longman.

Loughrin-Sacco, S. J. (1992). More than meets the eye: An ethnography of an elementary French class. The Canadian Modern Language Review, 49(1), 80-101.

MacKinnon, M. (1988). Creating an environment for learning. University of New Brunswick Training Bulletin, 1(2).

Malave, L., & Duquette, G. (Eds.). (1991). Language, culture and cognition: A collection of studies in first and second language acquisition. Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters.

Mantle-Bromley, C. (1992). Preparing students for meaningful culture learning. Foreign Language Annals, 25, 117-128.

Marshall, T. (1990). The whole world guide to language learning. Yarmouth, ME: Intercultural Press.

Mauranen, A. (1994). Two discourse worlds. Finlance, 13, 1-40.

Meara, P. (1994). The year abroad and its effects. Language Learning Journal, 10, 32-38.

Mitchell, R. (1988). Communicative language teaching in practice. London: Centre for Information on Language Teaching.

Norstrand, H.L. (1988). Culture in language teaching: The next phase. ADFL Bulletin, 20(1).

Omaggio, A.C. (1986). Teaching language in context: Proficiency-oriented instruction. Boston, MA: Heinle and Heinle.

Oxford, R.L. (1990). Language learning strategies: What every teacher should know. Boston: Heinle & Heinle.

Papaefthymiou-Lytra, S. (1995). Culture and the teaching of foreign language: A case study. In J.E. Alatis, C.A. Straehle, B. Gallenberger, & M. Ronkin (Eds.),Linguistics and the education of language teachers: Ethnolinguistic, psycholinguistic, and sociolinguistic approaches. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press.

Pica, T. (1983). The role of language context in second language acquisition. Interlanguage Studies Bulletin, 7, 101-123.

Reid, J.M. (Ed.). (1998). Understanding learning styles in the second language classroom. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall Regents.

Robinson, G. (1981). Issues in second language and cross-cultural education: The forest through the trees. Boston, MA: Heinle & Heinle.

Robinson, G., Stuart, G., & Nocon, H. (1996). Second culture acquisition: Ethnography in the foreign language classroom. The Modern Language Journal, 80, 431-449.

Rubin, J. & Thompson, I. (1994). How to be a more successful language learner (2nd ed.). Boston: Heinle & Heinle.

Sapir, E. (1949).
Culture, language, and personality.
Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Seelye, N. (1994). Teaching culture. Lincolnwood, IL: National Textbook Company.

Singerman, A.J. (Ed.). (1996). Acquiring cross-cultural competence: Four stages for students of French. Lincolnwood, IL: National Textbook Company.

Steele, R., & Suozzo, A. (1994). Teaching French culture: Theory and practice. Lincolnwood, IL: National Textbook Company.

Stern, H.H. (1983). Towards a multidimensional foreign language curriculum. In R. G. Mead, Jr. (Ed.), Foreign languages: Key links in the chain of learning. Report on the Northeast Conference on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. (pp. 120-146). Middlebury, VT: Northeast Conference.

Street, B.V. (1993). Culture is a verb. In D. Graddol et. al. (Eds.), Language and culture (pp. 23- 42). U.K.: BAAL and Multilingual Matters.

Swain, M. (1991). French immersion and its offshoots: Getting two for one. In B.F. Freed (Ed.), Foreign language acquisition research and the classroom (pp. 91-103). Lexington, MA: D.C. Heath and Company.

Tedick, D.J., Walker, C.L., Lange, D.L., Paige, M., & Jorstad, H.L. (1993). Second language education in tomorrow's schools. In G. Gunterman (Ed.), Developing language teachers for a changing world (pp. 43-75). ACTFL Foreign Language Education Series. Lincolnwood, IL: National Textbook Company.

Thompson, L., Graddol, D., & Byram, M. (Eds.). (1993). Language and culture. Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters.

Valdes, G. (1998). The world outside and inside schools: Language and immigrant children. Educational Researcher, 27 (6), 4-18.

Valdes, J.M. (Ed.). (1986). Culture bound: Bridging the cultural gap in language teaching. NY: Cambridge University Press.

Valette, R.M. (1986). The culture test. In J.M. Valdes (Ed.). Culture bound: Bridging the cultural gap in language teaching (pp. 179-197). NY: Cambridge University Press.

Valette, R.M. (1989). Language testing in the secondary schools: Past experience and new directions. In J.E. Alatis (Ed.), Language teaching, testing, and technology: Lessons for the past with a view toward the future (pp. 255-265). Georgetown University Round Table on Languages and Linguistics. Washington, D.C: Georgetown University Press.

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Van Patten, B., & Lee, J.F. (Eds.). (1990). Second language acquisition - foreign language learning. Clevedon, England: Multilingual Matters.

Wallerstein, N. (1983). Language and culture in conflict: Problem posing in the ESL classroom. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.

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