TUL530: Urban Poor ChurchPlanting

Alternative Title: Urban Poor Church Leadership

Year: 1.  Semester: 1  Credit Value: 3 Credit 

(Level of Development of this Course Summary: Content complete, but course lecture readings and judgements of outcomes need review, and practical learning experiences need developing).

 

	Hours
Lecture	30
Site Visit	10
Practical Work	40
Self-study reading and writing	40
Total Hours	120

Level of Course Outline Development (Check and send when done):

Task No	Task	Assigned to	Deadline	Sent to Supervisor	Sent to Encarnacao Coordinator
1	This Initial Course Outline	Viv Grigg, ___ of ATS, ____ of HBI		y	y
2	Assessment tasks	Viv Grigg		y	y
3	Lecture titles	Viv Grigg		y	y
4	Weekly readings, bibliography	Viv Grigg		y	y
5	Field Supervision with report forms
6	Course manual with initial notes for each lecture
7	Course manual completed
8	Course manual with graphics
9	Conversion to web pages	Viv Grigg		y	y
10	CD of course	Viv Grigg		y	y
11	3-5 min video clips added
12	Interactive CD for distance learning	Viv Grigg		In Process

COURSE DESCRIPTION

The course is the foundational course introducing themes in the degree, utilising a story-telling  theological approach. It develops the theme of the Kingdom of God as a basis for practical experiences in entering poor communities and developing holistic poor peoples' churches.  Utilising entrance and evangelism models from Jesus, Paul, Hiebert, Brewster, issues of incarnation, identification,  and womens' and family issues in incarnation are examined. Churchplanting models from Hesselgrave, Stefan, Grigg develop elements of proclamation, power evangelism, mass evangelism, discipleship of the poor and lead to practical processes of cell group, small group, fellowship and structured church development in theory and in practical work assignments. Issues of church-based development among the poor are introduced, beginning with the development of deacons and elders  and patterns of leadership training based on the role of the Holy Spirit and the five leadership giftings. These are related back to sociological (Gerlach & Hine) and community organisation (Alinsky et al) models of leadership emergence.  The theology of the Kingdom of God is related to practical aspects of pastoral issues in ministering among the urban poor: cooperative economics, land rights, poverty, justice, oppression, suffering, cash flows, etc.

PR DESCRIPTION

•  Incarnation, holism and the communication of the Gospel

• Small group and leadership development

• Pastoral issues among the poor

• Cultural leadership styles and structures

• Church-based community leadership 

COURSE OBJECTIVES

By the end of this course each student will:

1. Cognitive (Head):  

1a. Kingdom Theology: Have developed a theology for the many aspects of urban poor ministry based on the Kingdom of God which may include:

a definition of the Kingdom

its relationship to socio-economic-political-social discipleship

its relationship to growth of discipling movements and communities of faith

        1b. Churchplanting Processes: Understand the church where the student serves through an analysis of the Four Seasons of Growth of churchplanting among the urban poor. 

        1c Holistic Church Growth: Understand how holistic interventions in slum schools, cooperatives, small business, ministering to AIDS/HIV and community development expand the Kingdom and relate to each of the Four Seasons of Growth.

2. Affective (Heart): Personal Healing: Where past experiences in urban poor ministry have caused emotional damage, some elements of healing within the context of the class dynamics will have been initiated.

3. Practice (Hands):

3a Churchplanting Processes: Within six months to have implemented action steps from the class that extend one area of expansion of a slum church.

3b Coaching: Have developed a process of team building and coaching and know the content of each module on the topics chart.

CRITICAL OUTCOMES

Outcome 1.	Kingdom Theology:  demonstrated an ability to clearly present a critical analysis of the relationship of the Kingdom of God to aspects of the churchplanting including areas of  Kingdom and church, Kingdom and social issues such as AIDS, slum education, Kingdom and economic issues such as small business, cash flows, Kingdom and issues of justice such as land rights, oppression, responding to violence.
Outcome 2.	Churchplanting Processes: Critically analyzed a practical ministry of discipling/church-planting and community development activities in which the person seeking credit is serving, as basis, within six months, to have implemented action steps that extend one area of expansion of a slum church.
Outcome 3.	Coaching: Developed and initiated a training plan for coaching a team that includes either grass roots church planters and/or deacons/deaconesses to achieve action outcomes.

TASKS

NUMBER	ASSESSMENT TASK	MAXIMUM MARK	WEIGHT-ING
TUL530-1	Kingdom Theology   1.1 The person seeking credit should be able to clearly present their critical analysis of the relationship of the Kingdom of God to aspects of the churchplanting through diagrams and explanations that include evidence of mastery of the readings in a 2500 word outline covering: Kingdom and church Kingdom and social issues such as AIDS, slum education Kingdom and economic issues such as small business, cash flows Kingdom and issues of justice such as land rights, oppression, responding to violence 1.2 In a one hour exam setting give evidence of mastery of readings and the lectures in a diagram and explanation of the theme of the Kingdom of God as it relates to practical phases of growth of an urban poor discipling movement. 1.3 Provide a reading log of 800 pages from the required and recommended readings.	100%	30%
TUL530-2	Churchplanting Processes 2.1 Critically analyze a practical ministry of discipling/church-planting and community development activities in which the person seeking credit is serving, using written and oral (audio tape recorded) or video or Power Point presentations. This to include: mission goals and objectives identification of the community contextual factors core values a biblical understanding and practical strategies for each season of growth the existing and their preferred leadership style at each season of growth a work plan at each season of growth of the movement existing or viable future community development ideas, that meet social, economic and justice needs at each season of growth church governance understanding for each season of growth 2.2 This evidence must be accompanied by a daily log as an appendix to a report to the course facilitator on the practicums undertaken under supervision.  The report must include a further appendix containing evidence of the validity of the work of the person seeking credit provided by two third parties in community leadership 2.3 Within six months to have implemented action steps that extend one area of expansion of a slum church.  Evaluated in a written 2 page project report.	100%	40%
TUL530-3	Developed and initiated a training plan for coaching to achieve the action outcomes for a team that includes grass roots church planters and/or deacons/deaconesses, summarised in a 2500 word report 3.1.    Identified 4-8 trainees. Critically analyzed the trainees suitability for entry into a developing a community of disciples within an urban poor community. 3.2.   Developed with the team an initial plan for each season of growth and identified roles for the team.  3.3.   Developed an initial pattern of stories for teaching at each season of growth. 3.4.    Evidence familiarity with the manual, the two books on churchplanting among the poor, the Church planting CD (for those with computers) and where to access resources.	100%	30%

 Assessment Schedule

Task No.	Elements	Evidence required	Judgements about quality of evidence (to be reviewed)
UL530/1	Clearly present their critical analysis             Evidence of mastery of readings	Brief discussion of their understanding of the relationships  Includes elements from Genesis, the law, the prophets, New Testament Range to include but not be limited to Kingdom and church Kingdom and social issues such as AIDS, slum education Kingdom and economic issues such as small business, cash flows Kingdom and issues of justice such as land rights, oppression, responding to violence 3 or more of issues above   quotations and/or references, summary of critical idea(s)   Reading log	Reference to major sources and Biblical passages   Originality, creativity, diagrams of the relationships, sources of information all accentuate the quality   Not more than 3000, not less than 2000 words           Names of sources required (author, title), not page numbers or exact quotes Name, title, pages, 1 summary paragraph per chapter
UL530/2	Clearly present                           accompanied by a daily log implemented action steps	The range is six of the following: Mission goals and objectives Identification of the community contextual factors core values a biblical understanding and practical strategies for each season of growth the existing and their preferred leadership style at each season of growth a work plan at each season of growth of the movement existing or viable future community development ideas, that meet social, economic and justice needs at each season of growth church governance understanding for each season of growth Evaluated in a written 2 page project report.	must include an appendix containing evidence of the validity of the work of the person seeking credit provided by two third parties in community leadership must include an appendix containing evidence of the validity of the work of the person seeking credit provided by the work supervisor
TUL530/3	summarised in a 2500 word report 3.1.   Critically analyzed the trainees suitability 3.2.   Developed with the team an initial plan for each season of growth and identified roles for the team.  3.3.   Developed an initial pattern of stories for teaching at each season of growth. 3.4.    Evidence familiarity with CD...	Identified giftings, calling, motivations, capacity, limitations. Includes but not limited to: focus, structure, leadership, teaching topics	Not more than 3000, not less than 2000 words   In diagrammatic form that can be used to motivate workers listed stories, Biblical passage, key point, cultural issue it addresses sources of ideas above are identified from CD materials

COURSE OUTLINE

This entire course and resources are on CDRom.  Topics selected from within this table from the CDRom from 10 modules listed along the top. Choices depend on experience, stories and gifting of class. Shaded topics always included.

Theological Framework

 

Entrance & Evangelism

The Kingdom of God

Styles of Evangelism in the Slums

Suffering

The Spirit, Evangelism, and Justice

Discipling Street Children

 Kingdom Economics in OT & NT

Power Encounters

 

 

 

Reaching Gangs & Prostitutes

Developing a Work Plan

 

Kingdom & Justice

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The following is a ten day intensive format for this course:

Module:   Envisioning	Theology	Slum Context	Evangelism and Entrance	Pastoring & Growth	Leadership	Transformation	Kingdom Economics	Advocacy	Strategy & Finale
Developing a Poor Peoples' Church	Overview	Global movements in slums of mega-cities	Incarnation	Seasons of Growth	Leadership Gifts & Eldership (Eph 4:11,12)	Community Development	Kingdom Economics	Theology of Justice	Urban Poor Mission Structures
Introductions   Personal Evaluation	The Kingdom and the Poor	Causes of Slum Poverty	Reaching Marginalised	Pastoral Care	Training of Urban Poor Pastors	Preventive Health as a means of evangelism	Financial Statements Budgets,	Theology & Practice of land rights	Integration of  Lessons learned Evaluation
Who are the poor of ...	The Kingdom of God	Squatter Culture and the Church	Evang Non-literate people	Church Worship	Developing a Training Process	HIV & AIDS Care	Cash Flows of urban poor churches	Rich and Poor Churches	A Vision for the Future – the Poor Wise Man
Storytelling as a style of Learning	Theology of  Churchplanting	Theology of Suffering	5 Styles of Evangelism Man of Peace, Works of Spirit	Church, House Church & Buildings	Developing a Learning Network		Savings Cooperatives & Slum Economics		Exam

Teaching Topics

Who Are the Poor? Biblical Reflections on Causes and Responses to Poverty

Four Seasons of Church Growth in the Slums

Squatter Culture and the Church

Anthropology of Squatter Churches

Practical Issues in Incarnation

The Poor and Poverty
a.In the Message of Jesus
b. In the Church of 1st Century

Browse Santos, Milton. (1979). The Shared Space (trans from Portuguese, C. Gerry, Trans.). London and New York: Methuen

Historical Responses by the Church to the Urban Poor

In preparation for Friday exam, write up an outline of a strategy for churchplanting in the slums

When You Have No Money: Cooperative Economics: Implications for Slum Churches

 

Class Presentations 1

	Topic	Readings	Assignment
Saturday 1	Expectations of the Course Introductions Set up Slum Worship/Overnight	Cry chap 1, Snyder, H. (1985). The Age of Jubilee. A Kingdom Manifesto: 68-76. Myers, Bryant (1999) Walking with the Poor, New York, NY: Orbis Books, Maryknoll pp. 46-56	Personal assessment
2	Story of Churchplanting in the Slums	Cry Chap 1
3	Slums as a Global Phenomena	Cry chap 2-5
4	Enter the Man of Peace! Works of the Spirit of God	Cry , chaps 9,10,11
Monday 5	The Four Seasons of Growth: Poor People's Ecclesiology	Discipling Structures for Squatter Churches Cry chap 13	*Hand in report on Squatter Church Worship Service
6	Sociological Analysis of Poverty in the Slums Who are the poor of your city? (These topic may be integrated with one of the other courses)	Browse Child of the Dark, Diary of Carolina Maria de Jesus Gunnar Myrdal, Asian Drama de Soto, H. (1989a). Informal Housing (J. Abbott, Trans.), The Other Path (pp. 17-57). New York: Harper & Row. Jocano, F. L. (1975). Round-the-Clock Activities. Slum as a Way of Life. Quezon City, New Day Publishers: 33-50.	one analysis of who are the poor in the city.  Contribute it to the integrated report of the class.
7	Who are the Poor in the Scriptures?	Companion chap 3
Tuesday 8	Developing a Work Plan for Slum Evangelism		Develop work plan
9	Four Seasons of Church Growth 2	Cry chap 6,7 Browse Part 1 , Schwartz, Christian A. (2003). Natural Church Development. D-25924 Emmesbull, Germany: C & P Publishing.	Pass in topic for assignment 1
10	Developing a Work Plan for Each Season of Growth. Discussion of Assignment 2	Hesselgrave, D. J. (1980). Planting Churches Cross-Culturally; A Guide for Home and Foreign Missions. The Believers Congregated. Grand Rapids, Michigan, Baker Books: 269-301. Phillips, K. (1996). Out of Ashes. The Middle Years: Christian Nurture. Los Angeles, World Impact Press: 87-94.	Develop work plan for teaching at each season with topic and main scripture
11	The Nature of the Church in the Culture of Poverty	Cry 15, 16. Lewis, Oscar (1966). "The Culture of Poverty." Scientific American, 215(4), 3-9.
12a	Theologies of Incarnation	Prior to Class read The Story of Zachery Baumkletterer Browse the Incarnation case studies on the CD	*Rewrite with your spouse your version of the Lifestyles and Values of Servants (do 3 sections that are most useful  for you)
12b	Practice of Incarnation	Brewster, E. T. B. E. S. (1982). Bonding and the Missionary Task. Pasadena, CA, Lingua House.
Wednesday 13	The Poor and Poverty In the Message of Jesus In the Church of 1st Century	Browse Julio de Santa Ana, Good News for the Poor
14	Intro to reaching Gangs, Drug Addicts and Prostitutes in the Slum Church 12 Steps Intro to Reaching  Street Children	Eding, G. F. (1988). Drug Addiction and Prostitution, Urban Ministry in Asia (Vol. 198-207): Asia Theological Association Patricia Green, Impact of Sexual Exploitation on Children. In Kilbourn & McDermid, Sexually Exploited Children	Pass in reading log Pray through the twelve steps with your husband or wife concerning sin in your own life.
15	Pastoring the Poor	Cry 14 Browse Ellison and Maynard, Healing the City
16	Intro to HIV/AIDS care Intro to Developing Slum Schools	Foster, G. (1998). HIV and AIDS: Orphans and Sexual Vulnerability. Sexually Exploited Children; Working to Protect and Heal. P. K. M. McDermid. Monrovia, CA, MARC: 216-232.
17a	Nine Principles of Kingdom Economics	Snyder, H. (1985). The Age of Jubilee. A Kingdom Manifesto: 68-76.	Pass in topic for assignment 3 with headings, and intro paragraph
Thursday 18	Developing a Work Plan III: Teaching Content	Phillips, K. (1996). The Middle Years: Christian Nurture. Out of Ashes.  Los Angeles, World Impact Press: 87-94.
19	Pioneer Pastoring	Cry chap 14 Hesselgrave, D. J. (1980). Planting Churches Cross-Culturally; A Guide for Home and Foreign Missions. The Believers Congregated. Grand Rapids, Michigan, Baker Books: 269-301.
20	Diaconal Growth: Dealing with Poverty Cash Flows in an Urban Poor Churchplant	Browse William Booth, In Darkest England and the Way Out	Pass in reading log
21	Cooperative Economics	Read Kagawa, Toyohiko, Brotherhood Economics Read Companion chap 6 Creating Jobs, New Businesses Offer Hope for Poor Families, paper by Kenneth MacHarg	Setting the Economic Captives Free: Survey of Economic Production of Congregation and Community
22	The Role of the Rich Church in Dealing with Poverty Sahaara Video: Holistic Churchplanting in Mumbai	Cry 21	1 Page outline of steps you feel you can take to bring a rich church in contact with the poor.
23	Leadership for Multiplying Movements	Cry chap 17,18,19 Breen, Mike, (2002). Fivefold Ministries. In The Apostle's Notebook. Eastbourne, England. Garrison, D. (2004). What Does the Bible Say? Church Planting Movements: How God is Redeeming a Lost World. Midlothian, VA, WIGTake Resources: 199-219.	Optional: go through Breen's gift analysis
Friday 24	Theologies of Community Development Church Community Development Practice.	Companion chap 9,10 Cry chap 20
25	Theology and Justice	Browse Paulo Friere,  (1986). Pedagogy of the Oppressed (M. B. Ramos, Trans.). New York: Continuum. or Browse Hanks, Thomas. (1984). Basic Old Testament Vocabulary of Oppression. God So Loved the Third World. Maryknoll, Orbis Books.
26	Development of a Plan for training a team. Discussion of Assignment 3.		Identify 5-8 people to train.
27	Development of Leaders Based on Spiritual Gifting	Cry 18
28	Theologies of Suffering	Browse Elsa Tamez Bible of the Oppressed
29	Theology of Justice Church & Land Rights Struggles	Grigg, Viv, 2006, Biblical Reflection on Land and Land Rights, Auckland, Urban Leadership Foundation. Companion chapter 11
Saturday
30	Class Presentations 2
31	Final Exam
32	Integration/Evaluation/Prayer		Evaluation discussion and fill in evaluation form

BIBLIOGRAPHY

REQUIRED TEXTS

Either Grigg, Viv, Companion to the Poor, London: Authentic, 2004, (on CD)
or Grigg, Viv  Cry of the Urban Poor, London: Authentic, 2004 . (on CD)
Glasser, Arthur, Charles van Engen & Gilliland, Dean. (2003). Announcing the Kingdom. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker Academic.
Course readings on CD (1000 pages of articles).

RECOMMENDED TEXTS

Greenway, Roger, Discipling the City, 2nd ed, Baker, 1993, Chaps 1,7,8,12,13, 14,16,18.
Conn, Harvey, ed., Planting and Growing Urban Churches, Baker. 1997.
Carolina de Jesus, Diary of Carolina de Jesus, Mass Market, 1983.
Davey, Cyril, Saint in the Slums: Kagawa of Japan, Jersey City: Parkwest Publications, 2000 or Axling, William, Kagawa, SCM, 1932.
Jocano, F. L. (1975). Slum As a Way of Life. Manila: New Day Publishers, Box 167, Quezon City 3008.
Hesselgrave, David J. (1987). Planting Churches Cross-culturally – a Guide for Home and Foreign Missions, Baker, Grand Rapids.

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY

on Theology and Practice of Developing Discipling Movements Among the Urban Poor, (Viv Grigg, updated Jan 06)

Slum Realities

de Jesus, C. (1983). Diary of Carolina de Jesus: Mass Market Publishers.

Jocano, F. L. (1975). Slum As a Way of Life. Manila: New Day Publishers, Box 167, Quezon City 3008.

Lewis, O. (1966). "The Culture of Poverty." Scientific American, 215(4), 3-9.
Lloyd, P. (1979). Slums of Hope? Shanty Towns in the Third World. Hammondsworth, Middlesex, England: Penguin.

Mangin, W. (l967). Squatter Settlements. Scientific American, 217( No. 4, October 1967), 2l-29.

Mangin, W. (Ed.). (1970). Peasants in Cities: Readings in Anthropology of Urbanization. Boston: Houghton Mifflen.

Mar, M. (1966). Las Barriadas de Lima, 1957. Lima: IEP Ediciones.

West, M. (1961). Children of the Sun: The Slum Dwellers of Naples: Pan Books.

 

Theology of Poverty

Boerma, C. (1979). The Rich, the Poor - and the Bible. Philadelphia: Westminster.

Boff, L. (1988). When Theology Listens to the Poor. Maryknoll: Orbis and London: Harper and Row.

Boff, L., & Elizondo, V. (Eds.). (1985). The People of God Amidst the Poor (Vol. 176). Glen Rock, NJ: Concilium.

Cherupallikat, J. O. F. M. C. (1975). Witness Potential of Evangelical Poverty In India: Nouvelle Review de Science Missionaire, CH-6405 Immensee, Switzerland.

Clouse, R. G. (Ed.). (1984). Wealth and Poverty: Four Opposing Evangelical American Perspectives. Downers Grove, IL: IVP.

Cone, J. H. (1975). God of the Oppressed. New York: Seabury.

de Santa Ana, J. (1977). Good News to the Poor. Geneva: WCC.

de Santa Ana, J. (1982). Towards a Church of the Poor. Geneva: WCC.

Dorr, D. (1983). Option for the Poor: A Hundred Years of Vatican Social Teaching. Orbis.

Hanks, T. (1983). God So Loved the Third World: The Biblical Vocabulary of Oppression. Maryknoll: Orbis.

Gutierrez, G. (1983). The Power of the Poor in History. New York: Orbis Books and London: SCM Press

Meeks, D. (Ed.). (1994). The Portion of the Poor: Good News to the Poor in the Wesleyan Tradition: Oxford Institute on Methodist Theological Studies.

Miranda, J. P. (1974). Marx and the Bible: A Critique of the Philosophy of Oppression. Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books.

Sider, R. (1990). Rich Chnstians in an Age of Hunger. London: Hodder & Stoughton.

Sine, T. (1999). Mustard Seed Versus McWorld: Reinventing Life and Faith for the Future. Grand Rapids: MI: Baker Books.

Sobrino, J. (1984). The True Church and the Poor. Maryknoll: Orbis.

 

Holistic Discipling Movements and Incarnational Churchplanting

Booth, W. (1890). In Darkest England and the Way Out. London: Salvation Army.

Bradbury, N. (1989). City of God? Pastoral Care in the Inner City. London: SPCK.

Craig, J. (c1996). Servants Among the Poor. Manila: OMF Publishers.

Davey, C. (2000). Saint in the Slums: Kagawa of Japan. Jersey City: Parkwest Publications.

Fenske, R. P. (1998). En La Buena Lucha (In the Good Struggle): The Sister Parish Movement: White Mane Publishers.

Goudge, E. (1959). Saint Francis of Assisi: Hodder and Stoughton.

Grigg, V. (1986a). SERVANTS: A Protestant Missionary Order With Vows of Simplicity and Non-Destitute Poverty. Auckland: Urban Leadership Foundation.

Grigg, V. (1987a). Sorry, the Frontier Moved! In H. Conn (Ed.), Planting and Growing Urban Churches: From Dream to Reality. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker.

Grigg, V. (1989). Squatters: The Most Responsive Unreached Bloc. Urban Mission, Volume 6( Number 5, May 1989).

Grigg, V. (1990(84)). Companion to the Poor. Monrovia, CA: MARC.

Grigg, V. (1992a). Church of the Poor. In R. Greenway (Ed.), Discipling the City: A Comprehensive Approach to Urban Mission (pp. 159-170). Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker.

Grigg, V. (1992b). Cry of the Urban Poor. Monrovia, CA: MARC.

Hembree, R. (1979). The Mark Buntain Story. Minneapolis: Bethany House publishers.

Houghton, G., & Sargunam, E. (1982). Church Planting Among the Urban Poor (With focus on Madras and Bombay). Asia Pulse, Evangelical Missions Information Service,, 15(No. 2, May l982).

John Perkins. (1996). Restoring At-Risk Communities: Doing It Together and Doing It  Right.

Kenrick, B. (1965). Come Out the Wilderness. London: Fontana.

Lausanne Occasional Papers. (1980). Christian Witness to the Urban Poor #22, : Lausanne Committee for World Evangelization, PO Box 1100, Wheaton, Illinois 60187, USA.

Livingstone, Greg. (1993). Planting Churches in Muslim Cities, Baker, Grand Rapids.

Van Engen, Charles, & Tiersma, Jude. (1994). God so Loves the City – Seeking a Theology for Urban Mission, MARC, Monrovia.

Mavrodes, G. (1976). The Salvation of Zachary Baumkletterer. The Other Side(Feb 1976).

Nicholls, B. J., & Wood, B. (Eds.). (1996). Sharing Good News With the Poor: World Evangelical Fellowship.

Perrin, H. (1964). Priest and Worker: The Autobiography of Henri Perrin (B. Wall, Trans.). New York: Holt Rinehart and Winston.

Philipps, Keith. (1996). Out of the Ashes, World Impact, Los Angeles.

Pullinger, J. (1980). Chasing the Dragon. London: Hodder and Stoughton.

Sheppard, D. (1984). Bias to tbe Poor. London: Hodder & Stoughton.

Sherman, A. L. (1997). Restorers of Hope: Reaching the Poor in Your Community with Church-Based Ministries that Work. Wheaton, IL: Crossway Books.

Wilkerson, D. (1962). The Cross and The Switchblade: Pyramid Books.

 

Housing, Land and Land Rights

Brueggeman, W. (1977). The Land. Philadelphia: Fortress Press.

Building Together Association. (1984). Seminar Report on: The Right to Stay: The Poor, the Land and the Law in Asian Cities. Bangkok: Centre for Housing, National Housing Authority,.

Davies, W. (1974). The Gospel and the Land. Berkeley: University of California Press.

de Soto, H. (1989a). Informal Housing (J. Abbott, Trans.), The Other Path (pp. 17-57). New York: Harper & Row.

Fuller, M. (1994). The Theology of the Hammer. Habitat for Humanity.

Grigg, V. (1998). Biblical Reflections on Land and Land Rights. Auckland: Urban Leadership Foundation.

Siddiqui, M. K. A. (1984). The Slums of Calcutta: A Problem and its Solution, Calcutta Slums: Problems and Solutions. 5 Russell Street, Calcutta 700071, 47-63: CASA

Pornchokchai. (1985). 1020 Bangkok Slums. 685/56 Jaransanitwong 68, Bangplad, Bangkok Noi, Bangkok 10700 Thailand: School of Urban Research and Community Actions.

 

Street People, Drugs, Prostitution Ministries

Anderson, J. (1995). Crisis on the Streets. Manila: Action International Ministries.

Bellamy, C. (2000). Child Labour: Rights, Risks and Realities. In R. M. Jackson (Ed.), Global Issues 99/00 (pp. 186-189). Guilford, Conn: Dushkin/McGraw Hill.

Eding, G. F. (1988). Drug Addiction and Prostitution, Urban Ministry in Asia (Vol. 198-207): Asia Theological Association,.

Khandekar, S. (1986, Jan 3l, l986). Their Pound of Flesh. India Today, pp. 80-82.

Somerset, C. (2001, November 2001). What the professionals know: The trafficking of children into and through, the U.K. for sexual purposes. ecpat(uk). Retrieved Dec 21, 2001, from the World Wide Web: www.antislavery.org/homepage/resources/children.pdf

Preger, J. (1985, July 8, l985). The Rooting Out of the Rootless. Point Counterpoint.

Pullinger, J. (1980). Chasing the Dragon. London: Hodder and Stoughton.

Wilkerson, D. (1962). The Cross and The Switchblade: Pyramid Books.

 

Development

Beals, A. (1985). Beyond Hunger: A Biblical Mandate for Social Responsibility. Portland, OR: Multnomah.

Duncan, M. (1990). A Journey in Development. Melboume: World Vision The Bridge Series.

Myers, Bryant L. (1999). Walking with the Poor – Principles and Practices of Transformational Development. Orbis, Maryknoll.

Yamamori, T., Myers, B., & Luscombe, K. (Eds.). (1998). Serving With the Urban Poor. Monrovia: MARC.

 

Poverty and Power, Community Organisation

Cook, G. (1985). The Expectation of the Poor: Latin American Basic Ecclesial Communities. Maryknoll: Orbis.

Freire, P. (1986). Pedagogy of the Oppressed (M. B. Ramos, Trans.). New York: Continuum.

Freire, P. (1995). Pedagogy of Hope (Robert R. Barr, Trans.). New York: Continuum Publishing Group.

Linthicum, R. (1991). Empowering the Poor. Monrovia, California: MARC.

 

The Economics of Poverty

de Soto, H. (1989b). The Other Path (J. Abbott, Trans.). New York: Harper & Row.

De Vries, B. A., & Weakland, R. G. (1998). Champions of the Poor: The Economic Consequences of  Judeo-Christian Values: Georgetown University Press.

Duchrow, U. (1988). The Witness of the Church in Contrast to the Prevailing Ideologies of the Market Economy, Poverty and Polarisation: A Call to Commitment. Manchester: William Temple Foundation.

Galbraith, J. K. (c1980). The Nature of Mass Poverty: Penguin.

Grant, G. (1987). Bringing in the Sheaves: Transforming Poverty into Productivity. Fort Worth, TX: Dominion Press.

Yunus, M. (1999). The Grameen Bank. Scientific American(November 1999), 114-119.

Myrdal, G. (1968). Asian Drama: An Inquiry into the Poverty of the Nations.

Santos, M. (1979). Pobreza Urbana. Sao Paulo: Editora Brasiliense.

Santos, M. (1979). The Shared Space (trans from Portuguese, C. Gerry, Trans.). London and New York: Methuen.

 

Poverty in the West

Cave, Dave. (1985). Jesus is Your Best Mate says Dave Cave – Evangelism in the City and Council Estate Cultures, Marshalls, Basingstoke.

Harrington, M. (1964). The Other America: Poverty in the United States. NY: MacMillan.

John Perkins. (1996). Restoring At-Risk Communities: Doing It Together and Doing It  Right.

Kenrick, B. (1965). Come Out the Wilderness. London: Fontana.

Lupton, R. (1993). Return Flight: Community Development Through Reneighboring Our Cities: FCS Urban Ministries Inc, 750 Glenwood Ave, SE, P.O. Box 17628, Atlanta, GA 30316, USA.

Magnuson, N. (1977). Salvation in the Slums: Evangelical Social Work 1865-1920. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press.

Oostdyk, H. (1983). Step One: The Gospel and the Ghetto.

Perkins, J. (1982). With Justice for All. Ventura: Regal Books.

Perkins, J. (1995). Restoring at Risk Communities: CCDA,1909 Robinson Road, Jackson, MS 39209, USA.